Automatically controlled mirror

ABSTRACT

A mirror assembly for trucks or the like actuated in response to movement of a steering wheel to move to a position providing maximum visibility. Means are clamped to a member which is a part of the steering mechanism and which is pivotally movable upon rotation of the steering wheel in such a way that pivoting of the member is translated through the means to a T-shaped pivotal member. The T-shaped pivotal member is connected to a hydraulic system to produce rotation of the mirrors upon pivotal movement of the T-shaped member.

United States Patent McKee et al. Feb. 8, 1972 [54] AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED 2,854,892 10/1958 Stark ..350/307 MIRROR 3,166,630 1/1965 Esslinger.. ..350/299 3,208,343 9/1965 Prochnow ....350/302 Inventors: Clyde McKee, y Andrew 2,330,444 4/1941 Park .350/304 Provenzino, hg W Scott, 2,626,539 1/1953 Peterson ..74/501 Rochester, all of M h- 2,873,647 2/1959 Bach ..95/13 88,957 1 [731 Assignees: Clyde M. McKee, Taylor; Ward Scott, 3 384 Egg; al Rochester; Sandor Shapiro, Southfield,

Pm Interest to each Primary ExaminerDavid Schonberg [22] Filed; A r. 22, 1970 Assistant Examiner-Michael J. Tokar Att0rneyHauke, Gifi'ord and Patalidis [21] Appl. No.: 30,637

Related US. Application Data [57] ABS CT A mirror assembly for trucks or the like actuated in response [60] Dmslon of P 74561254 Jilly F 1968 to movement of a steering wheel to move to a position provid- 3,527,528, WhlCh 1s a contrnuation-m-part of Ser. No. ing maximum visibility MeanS are clamped to a member 70695311792"- 26, 1968- which is a part of the steering mechanism and which is pivotally movable upon rotation of the steering wheel in such [52] U.S.Cl ..350/307, 350/289 3 way mat pivoting of the member is translated through the [51] Int. Cl. ..G02b 5/08 means to a T Shaped pivotal member Tha T Shaped pivotal [58] Field of Search ..350/288, 289, 299, 304, 307, member i connected to a h d li sysiem to produce rota- 74/501 13 tion of the mirrors upon pivotal movement of the T-shaped member. [56] References Cited 4 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,758,508 8/1956 Petri et al. ..350/289 PATENTEU E 8 I972 SHEET 1 UP 2 INVENTORS CLYDE M. MKEE ANDREW V. PROVENZINO WARD SCOTT ATTORNEYS PMENTEUFEB 8 I972 SHEET 2 [IF 2 eElE-ll S M m c Q T M ANDREW V PROVENZINO WARD SCO TT f wfmgi/ AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED MIRROR CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 745,434 filed July 17, I968, now US. Pat. No. 3,527,528 which in turn was a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 706,953 filed Feb. 26, 1968.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to exteriorly mounted rearview mirrors for trucks and the like and more particularly to means for automatically varying the position of the mirrors in response to movement of a steering wheel.

2. Description of the Prior Art Means have been heretofore provided to produce movement of exteriorly mounted vehicle mirrors as the vehicle is turning so that the rear of the vehicle remains in the vision of the driver throughout the turn. The problem of seeing the rear of the vehicle is particularly difficult where truck and trailer combinations are used and especially when a right-hand turn is being made. In such situations the setting of the mirror necessary for straight-ahead driving causes the right-hand mirror to be directed against the side of the trailer when a right hand turn is being made. The left-hand mirror in such situations is also of little use since it is directed toward an area away from the left side of the trailer throughout much of the turn. Similarly, when making a left-hand turn, the left-hand mirror will be directed against the left side of the trailer and the right-hand mirror will be well away from the right side of the trailer. This is not as critical as the right turn situation because the driver is positioned on the left side of the vehicle and is therefore in a better position to see that side of the vehicle.

Previous attempts to provide a solution to this problem have not met with success for several reasons. Prior to our aforementioned eopending applications there has been no apparatus for ready attachment to existing trucks and mirror assemblies to convert them to automatically actuated devices. Such apparatus as has been previously suggested has required that the units be built into the structure of the truck itself or that extensive and expensive modifications be made on the vehicle to install new mirror assemblies to replace those already provided.

Further, the actuating mechanism for previously automatically controlled mirror assemblies, in addition to completely integrated mirror units, have also employed gearing arrangements which have made them quite expensive and subject to malfunction.

Our previously mentioned copending applications disclose apparatus solving these problems by providing mechanism which can be readily connected between existing members in the steering mechanism and mirror assemblies commonly used in truck-trailer combinations to provide a movement of the mirrors in response to steering wheel movement in a manner to provide increased visibility while turning. Relatively inexpensive mechanism is employed for producing the movement of the mirrors.

While such apparatus has been generally satisfactory, there are several inherent problems which if overcome would render the assembly even more useful. First, by producing rotation of each mirror in the same direction during a turn and rotating them together in the opposite direction during a turn in the opposite direction, it has been found that the mirror opposite to the turning direction is of no use during a major portion of the turn. Also in the previously disclosed assembly slight movement of the steering wheel produces a corresponding movement of the mirrors, and while this is desirable during actual turning situations, it is not desirable when only steering motions are being made in what is otherwise essentially straight driving. In backing up for instance, the steering wheel may be rotated several degrees without complete turns ever being made. In such situations the mirror assembly would be more useful if the mirrors did not rotate at all. The parent application Ser. No. 745,434 is directed to a solution of the first problem and this disclosure is directed to a solution of the second problem.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention provides an actuating mechanism which like that of our previously disclosed invention, can be readily connected between existing members in the steering mechanism and mirror assemblies commonly used in trucktrailer combinations to provide a movement of the mirrors in response to steering wheel movement in a manner which provides maximum visibility. Moreover, unlike our previous disclosed assembly, the apparatus of the present invention is operable to rotate the mirrors in the same direction each time but in directions opposite to each other regardless of the direction of the turn. Thus both mirrors are rotated away from the truck regardless of the direction of the turn. As pointed out in the parent application this has been found to provide a greater range of visibility by maintaining a view by way of the mirror on the side opposite the turning side through a major portion of the turn.

Further, the apparatus of the present invention includes means providing lost motion in the area of turning within a few degrees of straight-ahead position of the steering wheel so that movement of the steering wheel in this area will not affect the position of the minors. This maintains the mirrors in a relatively fixed position when the truck is being driven on what is essentially a straight line even though the steering might require some slight movements of the steering wheel.

The apparatus of the present invention includes a first axially movable member which is clamped at one end to a member of the steering mechanism which pivots in response to turning movement of the steering wheel. The opposite end of this member is connected to the leg of a pivotally mounted T-shaped member. The arms of the T-shaped member are connected to a hydraulic system which rotates the mirrors in a direction away from the truck regardless of the turning direction.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete understanding of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of several preferred embodiments. The description makes reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views and in which:

FIG. I is a schematic view illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view partly in section illustrating the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view substantially as seen from line 33 of FIG. 2 and enlarged somewhat for purposes of clarity;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view substantially as seen from line 44 of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the manner of operation of mirror assemblies utilizing the actuating means of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Now referring to the drawings for a more detailed description of the present invention, a preferred embodiment thereof is illustrated in FIGS. 14 as comprising a cable assembly generally indicated by reference numeral I0 connected at one end to the steering mechanism 12 of a truck or the like and at the opposite end to the leg 13 of a T-shaped actuating member 14. The arms 15 of the T-shaped member 14 are pivotally connected to cylinders 16a and I6b. Fluid lines 17 connect the cylinders 16a and 16b with auxiliary cylinders 18a and 18b respectively and which are in turn connected to pivotally mounted mirrors 20a and 20b respectively.

As can best be seen in FIG. 2, the mirrors 20a and 20b are of conventional construction and preferably are of the type which are pivotally mounted top and bottom to supporting struts 22 which in turn are secured to the side 24 (FIG. 1) of the vehicle by brackets 26.

As can best be seen in FIGS. 1-2, the auxiliary cylinders 18a and 18b are each mounted by a clamp 28 to one of the struts 22 supporting the mirror 20a and 20b to which the particular cylinder 18a or 18b is attached. The cylinders 18a and 18b are alike in construction and are each provided with a piston 30 movable in response to pressure introduced on opposite sides thereof through ports 32 and 34. Movement of the piston 30 produces movement of arod 36 which is pivotally connected at 38 to a clamp assembly 40.

The clamp assembly 40, as can best be seen in FIG. 2, comprises a first substantially L-shaped member 42 having a twisted section 44 at one end to which the rod 36 is pivotally attached and a flange section 46 at the opposite end adapted to engage the edge of the mirror. A second substantially L- shaped member 48 is provided with a flange section 50 at one end which engages the edge of the mirror opposite the flange section 46 so that when the members 42 and 48 are brought together, the mirror is securely clamped between flange sections 46 and 50. A nut and bolt 52 provide the tightening means and the member 48 is provided with a bent portion 54 at the end opposite the flange section 50 which aids in directing the force produced by the nut and bolt 52 to produce the clamping action. Movement of the piston 30 then causes the mirrors 20a and 20b to pivot about the vertical axis 56.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 the cylinders 16a and 16b are preferably mounted to a plate 58 and each preferably includes a piston 60 movable within the cylinder by a rod 62 pivotally connected at 64 to the arms of the T-shaped member 14. The ends of the cylinders opposite the rod 62 are pivotally mounted to the plate 58 by pins 66 as is the T-shaped member 14 by pin 68 so that rocking motion of the T-shaped member 14 in either direction extends the rods 62 outwardly from the cylinders and moves the pistons 60 toward each other. As can best be seen in FIG. 2 the arms 15 are preferably separated from the leg 13 by about 90 and the pin 68 is disposed in the center of a circle through the connections 64 and preferably through the connector 89. The T-shaped member 14 is shown in FIG. 2 in a normal position, that is the position it will assume when the vehicle is not turning. In this position it should be noted that the axes of movement of the pistons 60 extend through the connector 68. It is this arrangement. which produces a lost motion effect as the T-shaped member is rotated slightly in either direction from the position shown in FIG. 2 as will be more apparent as the description proceeds.

The cylinders 16a and 16b are provided with ports 70 and 72 (FIG. 2) connecting the fluid lines 17 with the interior of the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston 60. The lines 17 connect ports 70 and 72 with ports 32 and 34 of the auxiliary cylinders 18a and 1812 so that extension of the rods 62 increases pressure ahead of the pistons 30 and thereby increases the fluid pressure at ports 32 to produce retraction of the rods 36 and thereby move the mirrors a and 20b in opposite directions away from the side of the vehicle.

The cable assembly 10 preferably comprises an inner cable or wire 84 (FIGS. 2 and 4) axially movable within a guide tubing 86. One end of the cable 84 is joined to the end of a rod 87 by a connector 88. The rod 87 is connected to the leg 13 of the T-shaped member 14 by a pivotally mounted connector 89 so that movement of the cable or wire produces corresponding movement of the rod 87 which in turn pivots the T-shaped member 14 about the pivot 68. The guide tubing 86 is fixed at several points to the plate 58 such as by clamps 90 so that the tubing 86 remains stationary as the cable or wire 84 is moved.

The opposite end of the cable 84 is connected to a clamp assembly 92 which is in turn clamped to a steering arm member 94. The steering arm member 94 is a part of the conventional steering mechanism of a vehicle and is commonly called the pittman arm. As can best be seen in FIG. 4, the clamp assembly 92 comprises a first member 96 and a second member 98 adapted to fit on opposite sides of the arm member 94 and to be secured together by nuts and bolts 100. The member 96 is provided with an extending portion 102 which carries a swivel connector 104 for attachment to the end of the cable or wire 84.

The steering arm member 94 connects the steering gear mechanism 106 to the linkage means (not shown) of the vehicle for turning the front wheels of the truck in response to rotation of a steering shaft 108 by a steering wheel (not shown). Thus rotation of the shaft 108 produces pivoting of the arm member 94 about the pivot point 110. This acts through the swivel connection 104 to produce movement of the inner cable or wire 84 to move the rod 87 accordingly and to thereby produce a positioning of the mirrors 20a and 20b which corresponds with the degree of rotation of the shaft 108. The direction of rotation of the shaft 108 of course depends upon the direction the vehicle is being turned and the arm 94 will pivot to a degree and in a direction depending upon the degree and the rotation of the shaft 108. Regardless of the direction of turning, however, as explained above, the mirrors 20a and 20b will rotate in the same direction. That is, the left-hand mirror 20a will rotate clockwise away from the vehicle whether the turn is to the right or left and the righthand mirror 20b will rotate counterclockwise regardless of the direction of the turn. The degree of rotation of the mirrors 20a and 20b however will depend upon the degree of turning and by a proper adjustment of the position of the clamping assembly 92 along the length of the arm 94 or by adjusting the position of the cylinders 18a and 18b to produce the desired correspondence between rotation of the steering wheel and with rotation of the mirrors a maximum visibility throughout any turn can be achieved.

An important advantage of the present invention over those heretofore disclosed, aside from the construction which rotates the mirrors outwardly and in the same direction regardless of the direction of the turn, resides in another result achieved by the T-shaped member 14. The particular connection between the arm 15 of this member and the steering mechanism to translate pivoting movement of the member 94 to linear movement of the pistons 60 and the connection between the pistons 60 and the T-shaped actuating member 14 results in a certain amount of lost motion for about 15 of movement of the T-shaped member 14 in either direction about the pivotal connection 68. Thus during slight turning movement of the steering wheel the mirrors 20a and 20b remain stationary. This is an especially important advantage when backing up a truck and trailer combination where slight turning motions are necessary and where because the effect on the trailer is slight and can be seen in a fixed mirror, it is more convenient to have the mirrors remain fixed.

A T-shaped member of course is not essential and all that is necessary is that a pivotally mounted actuating member be provided and that the steering responsive mechanism and the linearly movable means (cylinders 16a and 16b) be pivotally mounted at spaced points to the actuating member.

Although the assembly of the present invention includes a hydraulic system for translating pivotal movement of the T- shaped members to pivotal movement of the mirrors, it is apparent that other means could be used instead for this purpose. For instance, such a connection could if desired be made through linkage mechanism or by way of cables or the like. Likewise, the cable assembly connecting the steering mechanism to the T-shaped member could be replaced by various other means for producing the desired result. A hydraulic system could be used for instance or the connection could be a direct linkage system without the cable assembly.

It is apparent also that we have described an automatic actuating means for positioning truck mirrors and the like which is readily adaptable to existing vehicle and mirror constructions. Many trucks are using mirrors like those illustrated herein and all vehicles have the steering arm member to which the present mechanism is designed to be attached. This attachment does not require expensive modifications of the vehicle and in many cases the existing mirrors can be used. There are a number of places within the mechanism where adjustment can be made so that any desired positioning of the mirrors can be achieved.

The present invention represents an important improvement over the prior art including our own previous applications. The improvement results from the lost motion produced by the T-shaped member as described above and the effect of steering wheel motion on motion of the mirrors when only slight turning is occurring as produced by this lost motion construction.

It is apparent also that although we have described but a single embodiment of our invention many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A mirror actuating system for a vehicle having a pair of pivotally mounted mirrors one on each side of said vehicle and means moving in response to and in correspondence with the turning of the vehicle, said actuating system comprising: an actuating member and means for pivotally mounting said actuating member to said vehicle, means for connecting said actuating member and said vehicle turning responsive means at a point spaced from said pivotally mounting means whereby said actuating member is pivoted about said mounting means in a direction and to a degree which depends upon the direction and degree of turning of said vehicle, a first and a second linearly movable means pivotally connected with said actuating member at points spaced from each other, from said connecting means and from said pivotally mounting means whereby pivotal movement of said actuating member produces linear movement of each of said linearly movable means, and means connected with said mirrors and each of said linearly movable means and responding to linear movement to produce pivotal movement of said mirrors, said linear movable means and said actuating member being linearly when the vehicle is not turning such that extensions of the axes of linear movement of each of the linearly movable means will pass through said mounting means said actuating member including an outwardly extending leg and a pair of outwardly extending arms, the end of said leg being connected with said connecting means and the end of said arms being respectively connected with said first and second linearly movable means.

2. The system as defined in claim 4 and in which said legs are at least from said arm.

3. The system as defined in claim 1 and in which said pivotally mounting means is disposed at the center of a circle passing through the points of connection between said actuating member and said linearly movable means.

4. The system as defined in claim 3 and in which said connecting means is also disposed on said circle.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcn CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3.640.609 Dated Februarv 8. 1972 Ifiventofls) Clvde M. McKee et a1 It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 6, line 10, "linearly" should be --positioned-- Column 6, line 19. "4" should be --1-- Signed and sealed this 1 8th day of July 1972.

(SEAL) Attest: i

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GO'ITSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner oi: Patents FORM PC4050 UO'GQ) USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 Ur5r GOVERNMENT PRlNTlNG OFFICE: I969 O356-33 

1. A mirror actuating system for a vehicle having a pair of pivotally mounted mirrors one on each side of said vehicle and means moving in response to and in correspondence with the turning of the vehicle, said actuating system comprising: an actuating member and means for pivotally mounting said actuating member to said vehicle, means for connecting said actuating member and said vehicle turning responsive means at a point spaced from said pivotally mounting means whereby said actuating member is pivoted about said mounting means in a direction and to a degree which depends upon the direction and degree of turning of said vehicle, a first and a second linearly movable means pivotally connected with said actuating member at points spaced from each other, from said connecting means and from said pivotally mounting means whereby pivotal movement of said actuating member produces linear movement of each of said linearly movable means, and means connected with said mirrors and each of saiD linearly movable means and responding to linear movement to produce pivotal movement of said mirrors, said linearly movable means and said actuating member being positioned when the vehicle is not turning such that extensions of the axes of linear movement of each of the linearly movable means will pass through said mounting means said actuating member including an outwardly extending leg and a pair of outwardly extending arms, the end of said leg being connected with said connecting means and the end of said arms being respectively connected with said first and second linearly movable means.
 2. The system as defined in claim 4 and in which said legs are at least 90* from said arm.
 3. The system as defined in claim 1 and in which said pivotally mounting means is disposed at the center of a circle passing through the points of connection between said actuating member and said linearly movable means.
 4. The system as defined in claim 3 and in which said connecting means is also disposed on said circle. 